MADMartial Arts Definitions

MAD Project · Martial Arts Definitions · Namespace MAC

MAC-004

Martial Arts Program

An organized pathway of martial arts training delivered within a school, organization, or educational institution.

Entity / Domain Definition · Global ConceptOntology Term · Martial Arts Core Ontology

Definition

What this term means

Definition

An organized pathway of martial arts training delivered within a school, organization, or educational institution. A program defines who trains, how learners are grouped, what route they follow, and how participation is organized.

A martial arts program is an organized pathway of martial arts training delivered within a school, organization, club, academy, federation, community setting, or other educational institution.

A program defines how learner participation is organized. It identifies who the pathway is for, how learners are grouped, what route they follow, what objectives guide the training context, and how participation is structured over time.

A martial arts program is not identical to the curriculum taught inside it. The program is the pathway. The curriculum is the content and sequence taught within that pathway.

A martial arts program is also distinct from progression, rank systems, individual classes, the training facility, the instructor, the school, and the martial art style. A program may contain curriculum, organize progression, use rank systems, schedule classes, rely on instructors, operate inside a school, and teach a particular style — but the program is not identical to any of those entities.

Namespace Position

MAC-004 is the organized pathway within MAC-001 Martial Arts Education. It is the structural entity through which learner participation is organized — the pathway that holds curriculum, structures progression, and may use rank systems to mark advancement.

Conceptual Scope

What martial arts programs include

Martial arts programs vary widely across cultures, styles, school models, and institutional settings. Some are organized by age. Others are organized by level, purpose, training goal, style, competitive focus, developmental need, or membership category.

A martial arts program may define:

  • Who participates in the pathway
  • How learners are grouped by age, level, experience, goal, readiness, or role
  • What training route learners follow
  • What curriculum or curriculum sequence is used inside the pathway
  • What skills, expectations, or standards structure participation
  • How often learners train
  • What classes, sessions, events, or training formats are included
  • What forms of instruction, coaching, correction, or assessment are used
  • How learners move through stages, levels, tracks, cohorts, or milestones
  • Whether rank, belts, stripes, certificates, titles, or other recognition systems are used
  • What participation expectations, safety standards, or cultural norms apply
  • How the program connects to the school, organization, curriculum, instructor, facility, and training activity

Examples may include children's martial arts programs, teen programs, adult beginner programs, advanced training tracks, black belt preparation programs, sparring programs, competition teams, after-school martial arts programs, self-defense programs, weapons programs, leadership programs, family programs, university club programs, heritage-preservation programs, and health-oriented training programs.

The defining feature is not the name of the program. The defining feature is that it organizes a learner pathway within martial arts education.

Ontology Position

Where this concept sits in the MAC namespace

Martial Arts Program is one of the primary structural entities of the MAC namespace. It is the pathway through which learner participation is organized — not the curriculum inside it, not the learner's movement through it, not the system that marks advancement within it.

MAC Namespace — Concepts Related to MAC-004
CodeConceptRelationship to Martial Arts Program
MAC-001Martial Arts EducationThe broader educational domain in which martial arts programs exist.
MAC-002Martial Arts SchoolThe institutional setting that may offer, maintain, or deliver programs.
MAC-003Martial Arts InstructorThe instructional role through which programs are taught, guided, and assessed.
MAC-005Martial Arts CurriculumThe content and sequence taught within a program.
MAC-006Martial Arts ProgressionThe learner movement organized within a program over time.
MAC-007Martial Arts Rank SystemThe recognition and placement system a program may use to mark readiness, achievement, or standing.
MAC-008Martial Arts Training FacilityThe physical environment where program activity may take place.
MAC-009Martial Arts OrganizationA larger body that may govern, certify, standardize, or support programs.
MAC-010Martial Arts TrainingThe activity domain through which the program becomes lived practice.

Martial Arts Program is especially important because it functions as the container for several downstream MAC entities. Martial Arts Curriculum is the content taught within a program. Martial Arts Progression is organized within a program. Martial Arts Rank System may be used by a program to mark placement, readiness, achievement, or standing.

Program Functions

What martial arts programs do

Martial arts programs perform several recurring educational functions that distinguish them from the curriculum they carry, the progression they organize, and the rank systems they may use.

Organize learner groups
Programs define who trains together and why — age group, level, experience, goal, rank, readiness, or training purpose.
Structure participation
Programs define how learners enter, continue, move through, pause, complete, or transition between training pathways.
Set training context
Programs establish the broad purpose of training: foundational learning, advanced practice, sparring preparation, competition, self-defense, cultural preservation, fitness, or leadership.
Contain curriculum
Programs provide the pathway in which content and sequencing are taught.
Organize progression
Programs define how learners move through expectations, levels, stages, readiness thresholds, or milestones over time.
Use recognition systems
Programs may use belts, stripes, ranks, grades, certificates, titles, tests, or reviews to recognize standing or achievement.
Coordinate instruction
Programs connect instructors, teaching methods, class formats, assessment practices, and training expectations.
Shape training culture
Programs may define norms of behavior, etiquette, challenge, correction, responsibility, leadership, or community participation.
Connect to institutional goals
Programs express how a school or organization organizes its educational mission for specific learners or purposes.

Related Structures

Program, class, track, course, and team

The term martial arts program functions as a broad ontology label. It can include several more specific public structures, participation routes, and institutional labels.

TermCommon MeaningOntological Note
ProgramAn organized pathway of training with defined participants, goals, structure, and route.Broadest ontology label for MAC-004.
ClassA scheduled instructional session or recurring training group.A class may occur within a program, but one class is not the whole program.
CourseA time-bounded or topic-specific sequence of instruction.A course may function as a program or as one part of a larger program.
TrackA pathway organized around a goal, level, role, or specialization.Often used for advanced, leadership, competition, sparring, or instructor-development routes.
TeamA group organized around competition, demonstration, performance, or shared training purpose.A team may be a program, part of a program, or an additional pathway attached to a program.
CohortA learner group moving through training together.A cohort is a grouping mechanism, not necessarily the full program.
PathwayThe route a learner follows through organized training.A useful semantic synonym for program when emphasizing learner movement.
Membership optionA business or participation arrangement that grants access to training.Not automatically the same as a program; pricing/access language can obscure educational structure.
CampAn intensive or seasonal training format.May be a program, facility model, or event depending on context.
Clinic / seminarA short-form training event or focused instructional unit.Usually not a full program unless organized as a continuing pathway.

A competition team may be a program. A summer camp may function as a short-term program. A class may be the visible part of a larger program. A membership package may provide access to a program without being the program itself. MAC-004 uses Martial Arts Program as the category that makes the organized pathway visible within the ontology.

The Central MAC-004 Distinction

Program, curriculum, progression, and rank system

Martial Arts Program is the point in the MAC namespace where several easily confused concepts meet. The four-layer stack holds the load-bearing distinctions together.

LayerMAC TermQuestion AnsweredWhat It Is
PathwayMAC-004Martial Arts ProgramWho trains, how are they grouped, and what route do they follow?The organized learner pathway.
ContentMAC-005Martial Arts CurriculumWhat is taught inside the pathway?The content, sequence, standards, and requirements.
MovementMAC-006Martial Arts ProgressionHow does the learner move through training over time?The learner's advancement through skills, stages, readiness, or milestones.
RecognitionMAC-007Martial Arts Rank SystemHow is placement, achievement, or readiness marked?The system of belts, stripes, grades, titles, or certificates.

These four layers sit inside one another but are not the same thing. A children's program and an adult program may share identical curriculum content. A student may progress in skill without receiving a new rank. A rank system may be used by multiple programs.

The program is the route — not the map, not the traveler, and not the mile markers.

Global and Cultural Context

How martial arts programs appear across traditions

Martial arts programs appear in many cultural, institutional, and practical forms. Different traditions may not always use the word "program" — but the ontology pattern remains stable.

In traditional schools, a program may be organized around lineage, apprenticeship, age, rank, seniority, or long-term participation under an instructor. In modern schools, programs may be organized by age group, beginner level, advanced level, competition goal, self-defense purpose, leadership development, or membership structure. In sport contexts, programs may organize athletes around competition rulesets, weight classes, seasonal training, performance standards, and event preparation.

Karate
Children's class, beginner track, black belt training group, kata team, or kobudo section.
Taekwondo
Poomsae team, Olympic sparring track, family program, or leadership course.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Fundamentals, advanced, competition, kids, no-gi, women's self-defense, or open mat.
Muay Thai
Beginner, fighter, fitness, and professional training groups.
Capoeira
Participation structured through rodas, music, movement, rank cords, and community events.

A school may offer one program or many programs. Different programs may share the same curriculum, use different versions of a curriculum, or apply different instructional methods to the same material. That is why program and curriculum must remain separate. The program names the route. The curriculum names the content carried through the route.

Key Pair Distinctions

What a martial arts program is not

Martial arts programs are often confused with related but narrower or broader concepts. Each distinction below names a common category error and explains why the two things are not the same.

Program and Education · MAC-004 / MAC-001
Program and School · MAC-004 / MAC-002
Program and Curriculum · MAC-004 / MAC-005
Program and Progression · MAC-004 / MAC-006
Program and Rank System · MAC-004 / MAC-007
Program and Instructor · MAC-004 / MAC-003
Program and Training Facility · MAC-004 / MAC-008
Program and Organization · MAC-004 / MAC-009
Program and Training · MAC-004 / MAC-010
Program, Class Schedule, and Membership Package
Class Schedule

A time listing — when sessions occur. It names the times, not the educational pathway the sessions belong to.

Membership Package

An access or pricing structure. May grant access to a program. The business arrangement is not the educational pathway.

MAC-004 · Martial Arts Program

The educational pathway those sessions and memberships belong to. The program is the route — not the schedule, not the invoice.

Program is the route. Curriculum is the content. Progression is the movement. Rank system is the recognition. Rank is the marker. All five are distinct — and the program is none of the others.

Common Category Errors
  • A martial arts program is not the same thing as martial arts education as a whole.
  • A martial arts program is not the same thing as a martial arts school.
  • A martial arts program is not the same thing as martial arts curriculum.
  • Curriculum is the content and sequence; the program is the pathway that carries it.
  • A martial arts program is not the same thing as learner progression.
  • Progression is the learner's movement; the program is the route they move through.
  • A martial arts program is not the same thing as a rank system.
  • A rank system marks standing or advancement; the program is the pathway in which marking may occur.
  • A class schedule is not a program. A membership package is not a program.
  • A martial art style is not a program. A program may teach a style — it is not the style.

Cross-Namespace Relations

How Martial Arts Program relates to MAC, MAL, and DTM

Martial Arts Program belongs to the MAC namespace as the organized pathway within martial arts education. It is one of the main structural bridges to the MAL and DTM namespaces because programs directly shape the conditions in which learning and development may occur.

NamespaceRelationship to MAC-004 Martial Arts Program
MACMartial Arts Program is the organized pathway within martial arts education.
MALPrograms shape training structure, readiness expectations, developmental demand, feedback rhythms, and learner participation routes.
DTMPrograms may support technical, internal, social, and identity-related development by organizing sustained participation in training.

These cross-namespace notes identify representative connections, not exhaustive dependencies. They show how this MAC concept provides pathway-based context for MAL learning mechanisms and DTM developmental domains without adding unsupported core graph edges.

Representative Term-Code Connections
Connection TypeMAC-004 TouchpointRelated Term CodeWhy it matters
Domain placementPrograms operate within the broader field of martial arts education.MAC-001 Martial Arts EducationMartial arts education is the domain in which program pathways become meaningful.
Institutional settingPrograms may be offered by schools or educational institutions.MAC-002 Martial Arts SchoolThe school often provides the institutional context for programs.
Instructional rolePrograms rely on instructors to teach, correct, assess, and guide learners.MAC-003 Martial Arts InstructorInstructors make the program's pathway active through instruction.
Curriculum contentPrograms contain or deliver curriculum.MAC-005 Martial Arts CurriculumCurriculum names what is taught inside the program pathway.
Learner movementPrograms organize learner movement through training over time.MAC-006 Martial Arts ProgressionProgression occurs within organized pathways but is not identical to the pathway.
Recognition systemPrograms may use rank systems to mark placement, readiness, achievement, or standing.MAC-007 Martial Arts Rank SystemRank may mark aspects of progression, but rank is not the program.
Facility usePrograms take place in training environments.MAC-008 Martial Arts Training FacilityThe facility is the venue where program activity may occur.
Organizational supportPrograms may be governed, certified, standardized, or supported by organizations.MAC-009 Martial Arts OrganizationOrganizations may shape program standards, certification, affiliation, or recognition.
Training activityPrograms organize martial arts training participation.MAC-010 Martial Arts TrainingTraining is where the program becomes embodied practice.
Learning loop touchpointPrograms organize repeated cycles of instruction, attempt, feedback, adjustment, and repetition.MAL-020 Martial Arts Learning LoopProgram structure influences how consistently the learning loop can operate.
Readiness touchpointPrograms define when learners are expected to engage certain demands or move into new stages.MAL-030 Readiness ThresholdReadiness thresholds help explain when progression within a program becomes productive.
Demand structurePrograms determine how challenge, complexity, intensity, and expectation increase over time.MAL-040 Developmental DemandProgram design shapes the demands learners encounter.
Practice structure touchpointPrograms arrange sequencing, pacing, grouping, standards, repetition, and assessment rhythm.MAL-050 Training StructureTraining structure explains how program design supports or disrupts learning.
Human environment touchpointPrograms create recurring peer groups, instructor relationships, roles, and participation norms.MAL-060 Relational EnvironmentRelational environment affects how learners engage correction, challenge, belonging, and authority.
Interpretive touchpointPrograms establish what counts as readiness, struggle, improvement, or achievement.MAL-070 Developmental InterpretationDevelopmental interpretation explains how program events become educational information.
Technical developmentPrograms may support structured refinement of martial performance capacities.DTM-010 Technical DevelopmentTechnical development depends on repeated, structured engagement with martial skill.
Internal developmentPrograms may support attention, regulation, persistence, composure, and self-control.DTM-020 Internal DevelopmentInternal development is shaped by how programs organize challenge, feedback, and participation over time.
Identity formationPrograms create roles, stages, rituals, recognition, group belonging, and long-term participation patterns.DTM-050 Identity FormationIdentity formation is supported by repeated participation in meaningful roles and symbols.

Formal Relations

Core and structural relations

Core Relations

The following are the load-bearing relations involving MAC-004 Martial Arts Program. They must be understood before writing adjacent MAC pages, and removing any of them would cause downstream pages to be written incorrectly.

RelationSubjectObjectNote
partOfMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-001 Martial Arts EducationMartial Arts Program belongs within Martial Arts Education as an organized pathway.
partOfMAC-005 Martial Arts CurriculumMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramCurriculum is content within the program. MAC-005 is the subject of this relation.
partOfMAC-006 Martial Arts ProgressionMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramProgression is organized within a program. MAC-006 is the subject of this relation.
partOfMAC-007 Martial Arts Rank SystemMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramA rank system operates within a program's organizational structure. MAC-007 is the subject of this relation.
organizesProgressionMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-006 Martial Arts ProgressionA program organizes learner movement through training over time.
Expanded Structural Relations

The following relations are supported by this page's definition and the MAC-004 conceptual scope. They are grounded in the canonical definition and extend the core graph with additional structural connections.

RelationSubjectObjectNote
containsContentMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-005 Martial Arts CurriculumCurriculum is the content and sequence taught within a program.
mayUseRecognitionSystemMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-007 Martial Arts Rank SystemA program may use rank systems to mark placement, readiness, achievement, or standing.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-005 Martial Arts CurriculumProgram is the pathway; curriculum is the content within the pathway.

Page-Level Disambiguation Assertions

Non-core distinctions used on this page

The following distinctions are page-level assertions used to clarify meaning on this page. They are not presented as Core Relations.

Assertion TypeSubjectObjectClarification
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-001 Martial Arts EducationA program is one organized pathway within the broader domain of martial arts education.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-002 Martial Arts SchoolA school is the institution that may offer or maintain programs; the program is the pathway.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-003 Martial Arts InstructorAn instructor is the role that may teach within a program; the program is the organized route.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-006 Martial Arts ProgressionProgression is learner movement through training over time; the program organizes the pathway in which movement occurs.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-007 Martial Arts Rank SystemRank systems mark placement, readiness, achievement, or standing; a program may use them but is not identical to them.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-008 Martial Arts Training FacilityA facility is the physical venue; a program is the organized pathway that may operate there.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-009 Martial Arts OrganizationAn organization may govern, certify, standardize, or support programs, but it is not the program itself.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-010 Martial Arts TrainingTraining is the activity domain; the program organizes participation in that activity.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramClass ScheduleA schedule lists training times; the program defines the educational pathway those sessions belong to.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMembership PackageA membership package defines access, pricing, or participation terms; it is not automatically the educational pathway.
distinctFromMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMartial Art StyleA program may teach a style, but a style is a practice tradition or system.
mayOperateInMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-008 Martial Arts Training FacilityA program may operate in one or more physical training environments.
mayBeDeliveredByMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-003 Martial Arts InstructorInstructors may deliver, guide, or assess instruction within a program.
mayBeOfferedByMAC-004 Martial Arts ProgramMAC-002 Martial Arts SchoolA school may offer one or more programs.

Wikidata and Semantic Notes

Structured data use

Q135914494 — martial arts program is the Wikidata item for this concept. It is part of the MAD Project's Wikidata layer and should be maintained in alignment with this page's canonical definition. Where Wikidata property language does not cleanly express a MAC relation, the MAC definition governs and the Wikidata item should be left blank rather than approximated with a semantically weaker property.

Cluster Alignment

Q135914494 belongs to a cluster of closely related items that together represent the MAC-004 structural spine:

QIDConceptRelation to Q135914494
Q135925870Martial Arts CurriculumContent taught within the program. Already carries used by → martial arts program; reference with MAC-004 P973.
Q135926112Martial Arts ProgressionLearner movement organized by the program. Already carries used by → martial arts program; reference with MAC-004 P973.
Q135970615Martial Arts Rank SystemRecognition and placement system a martial arts program may use to mark advancement, readiness, achievement, or standing. Add uses → martial arts rank system (Q135970615) with MAC-004 P973 as reference.
Suggested Semantic Framing
FieldSuggested Value
Concept labelMartial Arts Program
Concept typeEducational pathway / training pathway
Broader domainMartial Arts Education
Related institutional settingMartial Arts School
May be delivered byMartial Arts Instructor
Contains contentMartial Arts Curriculum
OrganizesMartial Arts Progression
May use recognition systemMartial Arts Rank System (Q135970615)
May operate inMartial Arts Training Facility
Activity domainMartial Arts Training
Distinct fromMartial arts education, school, instructor, curriculum, progression, rank system, facility, organization, training activity, class schedule, membership package, martial art style
different from Statements

The following items should be represented in different from statements on Q135914494, with the MAC-004 P973 URL as reference:

Q135911827Martial Arts Education
A program is one organized pathway within the broader domain.
Q135925870Martial Arts Curriculum
Program is the pathway; curriculum is the content within it.
Q135926112Martial Arts Progression
Program organizes the pathway; progression is learner movement through it.
Q135495953Martial Arts School
School is the institution; program is one pathway it may offer.
Q10833319Martial Arts Instructor
Instructor is a role; program is the organized pathway.
Q135970615Martial Arts Rank System
A program may use a rank system; it is not identical to one.
Martial Arts Organization
When item exists — organization governs or supports, it is not the program.
Martial Arts Training
When item exists — training is the activity; program is the pathway.
Edit Sequence
1.Add described at URL (P973) → https://martialartsdefinitions.com/ontology/martial-arts-program/
2.Add references to existing different from statements using the P973 URL
3.Reference reverse statements: curriculum item used by → martial arts program; progression item used by → martial arts program
4.Add remaining different from statements where clean QIDs exist
5.Add uses → martial arts rank system (Q135970615) with MAC-004 P973 as reference
Wikidata Item — Q135914494
QID
Q135914494
Label
martial arts program
Description
organized pathway of martial arts training that structures learner participation, grouping, and training route within martial arts education
Subclass of
educational program
Facet of
martial arts education
MAD Project alignment
Definition governed by this page.

Editorial note

This item is part of the MAD Project's Wikidata layer. It was created to represent the MAC-004 concept within Wikidata's open knowledge graph and is maintained in alignment with this page's canonical definition. Wikidata is publicly editable; for MAD Project alignment, this page functions as the governing reference definition.

References

Scholarly and editorial references

The following sources support the conceptual, pedagogical, and structured-data claims made on this page. The MAC-004 canonical definition is governed by the MAD Project and the MAC hub (MAC-000). Scholarly sources are cited for research-grounded claims about martial arts program structure, pedagogy, curriculum, knowledge representation, and out-of-school learning.

Bowman, P. (2015). Martial arts studies: Disrupting disciplinary boundaries. Rowman & Littlefield.

Bowman, P. (2021). The invention of martial arts: Popular culture between Asia and America. Oxford University Press.

Cheng, Y., & Guo, N. (2024). An ethnography of construction and characteristics of curriculum for ICH martial arts in universities. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1395128.

Cynarski, W. J. (2016). Martial arts & combat sports: Towards the general theory of fighting arts. WNK.

Cynarski, W. J., & Lee-Barron, J. (2014). Philosophies of martial arts and their pedagogical consequences. Ido Movement for Culture, 14(1), 11–19.

Green, T. A. (Ed.). (2001). Martial arts of the world: An encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.

Guha, R. V., Brickley, D., & Macbeth, S. (2016). Schema.org: Evolution of structured data on the web. Communications of the ACM, 59(2), 44–51.

Hou, Y., & Kenderdine, S. (2024). Ontology-based knowledge representation for traditional martial arts. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 39(2), 575–592.

Jennings, G. (2019). The “light” and “dark” side of martial arts pedagogy: Towards a study of (un)healthy practices. In Crosby & Edwards (Eds.), Exploring research in sports coaching and pedagogy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Lakes, K. D., & Hoyt, W. T. (2004). Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 283–302.

Mahoney, J. L., & Hitti, A. (2017). Out-of-school learning: An overview. In K. Peppler (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of out-of-school learning. SAGE.

Pedrini, L., & Jennings, G. (2021). Cultivating health in martial arts and combat sports pedagogies: A framework on the care of the self. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 601058.

Citation and editorial note

For definitions within the MAC namespace — including the definition of martial arts program, its position within Martial Arts Education, and its distinctions from curriculum, progression, and rank systems — the MAD Project and this page function as the canonical reference. Cite as: Barkley, D. (n.d.). MAC-004: Martial arts program. Martial Arts Definitions Project. https://martialartsdefinitions.com/ontology/martial-arts-program/

Ontology Summary

Martial Arts Program (MAC-004) is the organized pathway within martial arts education. It refers to an organized route of martial arts training delivered within a school, organization, club, academy, federation, community setting, or other educational institution. A martial arts program defines who trains, how learners are grouped, what route they follow, what objectives guide participation, and how training participation is organized over time. A program may contain curriculum, organize progression, use rank systems, rely on instructors, operate in training facilities, and be offered by schools or supported by organizations. It is distinct from martial arts education as a whole, from the martial arts school, from the instructor, from curriculum, from progression, from rank systems, from the training facility, from the organization, from training activity, from class schedules, from membership packages, and from martial art styles. The core relations are partOf: MAC-004 → MAC-001, partOf: MAC-005/006/007 → MAC-004, and organizesProgression: MAC-004 → MAC-006. Within the Martial Arts Core Ontology, Martial Arts Program functions as the pathway structure through which learner participation is organized and connected to curriculum, progression, recognition, and training activity.

MAD Project

This page is part of the Martial Arts Definitions (MAD) Project, created and curated by David Barkley, Head Instructor and Program Director at Rise Martial Arts in Pflugerville, Texas.